PassLfix The Blockchain technology allows us to send assets in a Peer-to-Peer trustless way.
So why not develop an Internet of Things the same way we developed an Internet of Information, an Internet of Communication and an Internet of Values?
Furthermore, creating a Peer-to-peer C2C transportation system of objects is a way to share work and economic value inside a growing Community.
Main features:- Self-executing contractual states (smart contracts)
- Localization and events tracking of luggage or postboxes
- Deposit insurance
- A global Democratic Organization to serve a global and distributed Community[/size]
Delivery smart contractsSmart contracts are self-executing contractual states, stored on the Blockchain, which nobody controls and therefore everyone can trust. They are computer protocols that can make traditional contractual clause unnecessary and even provide security superior to traditional contract law. Furthermore, smart contracts reduce other transaction costs associated with contracting.
Smart contracts run on a global and decentralized machine (the Ethereum Virtual Machine). They are stored in a ledger that anyone can watch. There is no need of additional server and database for the storage of contracts.
Smart contracts use digital assets for the payment of fee or deposit. Sender does not need to make a prepayment and receiver can easily buy a specific local product from or to a remote region. In this last case, the courier buys and sends the item to the receiver. Because all the characteristics of the item are predefined and stored in the Blockchain, disputes about the item should be rare. We think that this will allow reducing frontiers in particular with rural regions.
For a delivery, the smart contracts are between physical or virtual objects (postboxes and luggage). Users and couriers "sign" the smart contract as owners of objects and have no legal obligation because of the smart contract. On the other hand, because objects do not lie and can be tracked, delivery smart contracts can check delivery conditions in a flexible, trustless and automatic way. For instance, the delivery conditions can foresee to reduce the return of deposit by 10% per day after a predefined date. The smart contract applies delivery rules with no need to go to court or make a complaint to insurance company.
Smart luggage
Each traveler who wants to work as a courier just needs to use the courier application. He can even deliver parcels without any luggage. In that case, the luggage is “virtual” and as physical luggage has a specific public ID key. The courier can increase the quality of service fixing an electronic device into a “smart” luggage.
The electronic device includes the next features:
- Micro sensors (temperature, magnetometer)
- GPS module
- Microcontroller and Cryptographic Authentication
- Low-energy consumption and low-cost communication with a global network
Smart postboxes
A user who wants to send or receive a parcel without necessity to meet the courier can use a physical smart postbox with a network connection, a digital scale, a camera and an unlocking system for the couriers (with their Blockchain private key for instance).
- If the sender wants to meet the courier, he can in the same way take a picture and weigh the parcel in attendance of the courier.
- If the receiver wants to check himself the parcel, he can meet the courier with the parcel.
- In these two cases, the postboxes are “virtual” and as physical postboxes have a specific public ID key.
Deposit insurance
The reputation tokens of the couriers involved in parcels transfer will be updated according to their accuracy.
For the senders and receivers, tokens are used for deposit insurance. Couriers will be able to transfer only packages with a price less than the reputation tokens they can lose in case of not or bad delivery. If the receiver does not receive the parcel, the sender receives valuable tokens of the person(s) in charge of the transfer of parcel and which were hold as insurance deposit.
In this way, it will be more profitable for couriers to operate with urgently or to transfer expensive parcels, but will have more risk to lose some amount of their reputation.
Disputes
The smart contracts, which are between physical or virtual objects, self-execute contractual states concerning the payment of fees and deposit insurance with tradable digital assets. It is important to note that because we have no contract between legal persons or entities, users or couriers cannot refer to the law in case of disputes concerning a delivery. For this reason, the courier should check that there is no prohibited items in the parcel before taking it.
Furthermore, using smart luggage’s or postboxes will prevent many disputes given that these objects generate automatic events. With smart objects, disputes must be rare or easier to fix. Another point is the ability to store comments from users about previous courier services. Because contracts are between objects and not persons, it will be possible to publicize information of a delivery without infringing the right to privacy. This point will avoid many disputes, as couriers know that proved bad deliveries can damage the reputation of their service.
However, we understand that it will be difficult to avoid any disputes using technical, smart or not smart, objects. In addition, we understand too that it could be easy to damage reputations giving information, which are not confirmed. Therefore, we think that it is important to allow a mediation, arbitration and resolution of eventual disputes. In case of dispute about a delivery, we suggest a decentralized consensual arbitration of the Community. Because it is decentralized, it means that no central authority can affect the decision. And because disputes will be rare, the shared cost for arbitration will be low.
Whitepaper Rev1.1.pdfThe next diagram shows how we can transfer parcels in a Peer-To-Peer way (without any server or central organization) using the Blockchain for registering the smart contracts and the events, and using the Internet of Things for tracking smart luggage or postboxes.
An electronic device is fixed once in the suitcase of each courier when initializing. When the courier takes the package, he signs with his phone a delivery smart contract with a payment of a deposit in the Blockchain. And he closes his suitcase after having put the package inside. The delivery characteristics were initially pre-recorded in the smart contract by the sender or receiver of the parcel. When checking and transferring the package, the second courier gets the events from the first courier suitcase, signs with his phone another smart contract and puts the package in his suitcase. This unlocks the deposit of the first courier and blocks the second deposit in the Blockchain.
Note : in a smart contract on the Ethereum Blockchain, it is possible to store events with the smart contract.
Correlation between the delivery smart contract (How it works ) and the Dao (Why)
The idea is to serve a Community of couriers, or central postbox services, using a global distributed and democratic organization. In this way, we can serve a global Community without creating a new centralized courier service like FedEx or DHL. The PassLfix team will serve only as the project managers of the PASS Dao. Marketing, communication, electronic supply and/or other services will be realized by others companies. The PASS Dao shareholders will make those decisions, and the project will belong to them, and not us.
Why?
To set up and revise the user and courier mobile applications without any end date
By creating a DAO (Distributed Autonomous Organization) on the Blockchain for the project, we create a system for a Community that will live and grow without any possibility of downtime, censorship, fraud or third party interference. DAO shareholders will be able to get reputation tokens during the project stage.
To manage the project of the creation of a Peer-to-peer C2C transportation system of objects
Everyone can be a member of the Community participating in the crowdfunding, which will allow starting the project. First, the Community needs a Project Management and IT team to set up the application for our new DAO. Our team proposes to do this work step by step. We will be motivated to do a good job for a fair price. Unless, the DAO can decide to stop contracting with us.
To contract with the best specialists offering to help developing a global system
The DAO Community can organize a new funding and chooses its contractors. The application will be global but some tasks can be better or cheaper when they are done locally (marketing, electronic devices ...). Every contractor can offer our DAO to sell products or to execute services. Every product or service, which could help developing the system and, consequently, increase the reputation tokens value will be interesting for DAO shareholders.
To serve a global Community of people who shares work and economic value
After launching the application, travelers wishing to use the system will buy reputation tokens from Dao shareholders and form a couriers Community. Everyone can be a member of this Community and all the couriers are autonomous travelers. In this way, the organization will serve a global and distributed couriers Community without any central authority and without any frontier.
Read the Smart Contract DescriptionPass DAO is a transparent distributed organization where governance and decision making system are immutably programmed in the Blockchain. All the decisions regarding the organization are taken by the shareholders of the organization with voting procedures called board meetings.
During the development phase, the organization pays contractors for project management, marketing and communication. Reputation tokens are rewarded to the shareholders of the organization by the Project Manager.
During the exploitation phase, the central postboxes (logically located at railway stations or airports) and couriers (autonomous travelers or organizations) will buy from shareholders reputation tokens that are used to pay deposit by the application. And they will pay fees to the organization for technical assistance, mediation service with users and electronic devices if provided by the organization.
Technically, the Dao is a smart contract runing on the Ethereum blockchain. The Dao smart contract is set with a primary funding linked to a first Project Manager proposal. If the funding is fueled, the proposal can be completed, otherwise the sent amount can be refunded. The Dao rules are set to allow voting on new proposals after the primary funding. After this first funding, the Dao smart contract will live according to the democracy law.
Rules of the Primary Funding Read the Project Manager Proposal
Only registered normal Eth accounts (and not smart contracts) will be valid addresses for the funding. Each Eth account can send between 1 Eth and 100 Eth. Before the end date of the presale, the Project Manager can close the presale setting the limitations rules (amount and percentage of ether balance share for all partners) for the funding. The amount sent during the presale below the set limits funds the Dao and the amount sent during the presale above the set limits is refunded.
Partners become shareholders and get Dao shares according to the sent amount, the set limits and the share price* set in the Funding rules. The Dao pays the Project Manager the amount of the Project Manager proposal and the Dao shareholders receive Pass Reputation tokens according to the amount funded and presale date, the initial token price and the inflation rate** set in the contractor proposal. An initial supply of 2 millions Pass Reputation tokens will be rewarded to the Project Manager. This step will last a couple of days. After the presale deadline, all the sent ethers that didn't fund the Dao can be refunded.
* 1000 Pass Dao shares = 1 Eth. The price is constant during the funding.
** 1000 Pass Reputation tokens= (1 + 365*(presaleDate - presaleStartTime)/(100*365 days)) Eth. Inflation of 1% per day during the presale.
Presentation Day Demo
About us
Our team includes 2 main engineers with a 40 years combined experience in project management. Located in Moscow, we have been working together since 2008. Our interest for the Blockchain technology started in 2011 with Bitcoin and became strong since 2014 with Ethereum and the concept of smart contracts. In june 2016, we had the idea to use the Blockchain in order to help the delivery of parcels to or from remote regions and when postal services are not efficient.
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