There have been a lot of good high quality articles written on Bitcoin scaling, but it's all over the place over at Medium.com, reddit, and blog articles. Here I'll try to collate the articles so someone coming new to the controversy can have something to read to come up to speed.
I'll keep on adding high quality articles as people write them. If there have been any good pieces that I missed please let me know on this thread and I'll try to add them as well.
Bitcoin Unlimited: Articles of Federation by Bitcoin Unlimited developers
Explain's a different kind of governance for a bitcoin implementation, and some if it's goals
Bitcoin's Value Derives from Users, not Miners by Cornell Prof. Emin Gün Sirer
Where is bitcoin's value derived from? Who is ultimately in control and who in the Bitcoin ecosystem is competing for what?
Time for Bitcoin Users to Reclaim their Voice by Cornell Prof. Emin Gün Sirer
Bitcoin's Elegant Upgrade Mechanism by Brian Armstrong
Scaling Bitcoin: The Great Blocksize Debate by Brian Armstrong (Coinbase)
Bitcoin is being hardwired for Settlement by Jeff Garzik and Gavin Andresen
Garzik and Gavin argue together against Bitcoin becoming primarily a means of settlement.
Bitcoin as a Settlement System by Stephen Pair (Bitpay)
On Block Sizes by Mike Hearn
Why is Bitcoin Forking? by Mike Hearn
Big O Scaling by Gavin Andresen
Scalability, Hard Forks and Markets by Stephen Pair (Bitpay)
On Consensus and Forks by Mike Hearn
Why hard forks are better than soft forks
A simple, adaptive blocksize limit by Stephen Pair (Bitpay)
A Bitcoin Believer's Crisis of Faith (NY Times) by Nathaniel Popper
A good rundown of the crisis in Bitcoin.
The Resolution of the Bitcoin Experiment by Mike Hearn
Mike talks about the crisis of management in Bitcoin, and why he is leaving.